refactor: restructure project from /lab to /src; convert probe into a reusable library

Refactor project layout and convert probe into a reusable library, including:

• Restructured from flat /lab to /src with clean subdirectories (common, probe, examples, test)
• probe now built as a static library (alis_probe) with a class-based interface
• Extracted shared headers: logging macros, type aliases, RAII register guard, utilities
• Migrated opcodes to std::array
• Added example binary (alis) demonstrating library usage
• Fixed UB in modifyOpcode (bit-shift overflow) and constructJumpCode (size calculation)

重构项目结构并将 probe 转换为可复用库，包括：

• 将 /lab 的扁平结构调整为 /src 分层结构 (common、probe、examples、test)
• probe 以静态库形式构建 (alis_probe)，提供 class 接口
• 抽取共享头文件：日志宏、类型别名、RAII 寄存器守卫、工具函数
• 将 opcode 迁移至 std::array，多架构框架
• 新增示例程序 (alis) 展示库的使用方式
• 修复 modifyOpcode 的未定义行为 (位移溢出) 与 constructJumpCode 的 size 计算错误